17046
0 .S light ||n. SUBJECT0
0 0 light <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 1 S entering ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Entered||p. pr. & vb. n. Entering||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 0
2 S the ||+def. art. ---->FRAGMENT 1
3 S cornea ||n. ---->FRAGMENT 2
1 3 entering the cornea <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 4 S is ||+reg. v.||v. i. VERB0
5 S projected ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Projected||p. pr. & vb. n. Projecting||v. i. VERB0
6 S onto ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
7 S the ||+def. art.
8 S back ||n.
9 S of ||prep.
10 S the ||+def. art.
11 S eye ||n.
6 11 onto the back of the eye <-----preposition p="" phrase="">12 ,S where ||+conj.
13 S it ||nom. pron. SUBJECT0
14 S is ||+reg. v.||v. i. VERB0
15 S converted ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Converted||p. pr. & vb. n. Converting||v. i. VERB0
16 S into ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
17 S an ||+indef. art.
18 SRN electrical ||a.
19 S signal ||n.
16 19 into an electrical signal <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 20 S by ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
21 S a ||+indef. art.
22 S specialized ||a.
23 S sensory ||a.
24 S organ ||n.
20 24 by a specialized sensory organ <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> PUNCTUATION , CLAUSE WITH ARTICLE BEG
25 ,S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
26 S retina ||n. SUBJECT1
25 26 the retina <-----subject br="" noun="" phrase="">******************************************************************************
17046
Light entering the cornea is projected onto the back of the eye,
Light entering the cornea --- onto the back of the eye --- is projected
Korneaya giren ışık --- gözün arkasına --- projeksiyon edilir-----subject>
where it is converted into an electrical signal by a specialized sensory organ, the retina.
where --- the retina --- by a specialized sensory organ --- into an electrical signal --- it is converted
orada --- retina, --- özelleşmiş bir organ tarafından --- bir elektrik işaretine --- çevrilir.
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17049
0 .S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
1 S next ||adv. placetime SUBJECT1
2 S three ||a. SUBJECT2
3 S chapters ||n.||pl. SUBJECT3
0 3 the next three chapters <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 4 S explain ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Explained()||p. pr. & vb. n. Explaining||v. i. VERB0
5 ,S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
6 S cell-physiological ||a.
7 S terms ||n.||pl.
5 7 in cell-physiological terms <-----preposition p="" phrase="">8 ,SRN how ||+conj.
9 S processing ||v. t.||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 0
9 9 processing <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 10 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
11 S higher ||a.
12 S centers ||n.||pl.
10 12 in higher centers <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 13 S underlies ||v. t.||v. i.||present t. VERB0
14 S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
15 S perception ||n. SUBJECT1
16 S of ||prep. SUBJECT2
17 S form ||n. SUBJECT3
18 ,S motion ||n. SUBJECT4
14 18 the perception of form motion <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase="">FIX nPH AND/OR nPH at PARSEEEE
19 ,S and ||+conj. SUBJECT4
20 S color ||n. SUBJECT4
19 20 and color <-----subject br="" noun="" phrase="">*********************************************************
17049
The next three chapters --- explain, --- in cell-physiological terms, --- how --- processing --- in higher centers --- underlies --- the perception of form, motion, and color.
The next three chapters --- how --- the perception of form, motion, and color. --- in higher centers --- processing --- in cell-physiological terms --- explain
Gelecek üç bölüm --- nasıl --- şekil, hareket ve rengin algılamasının --- daha yüksek merkezlerde --- işlenişini --- hücre-yapısal terimlerde --- açıklar.-----subject>
nasıl şekil, hareket ve rengin algılamasının daha yüksek merkezlerde işlenişini
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17049
0 .S first ||adv. INITIAL ADVERB WITH COMMA
ilk önce
1 ,S it ||nom. pron. SUBJECT0
2 S is ||+reg. v.||v. i. VERB0
3 S useful ||a. OBJECT0
3 3 useful <-----object br="" noun="" phrase="">o kullanışlıdır-----object>
4 S for ||+prep. ---->FRAGMENT 0
5 S understanding ||+irreg. v. neutral||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Understood||p. pr. & vb. n. Understanding||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 1
6 S sensory ||a. ---->FRAGMENT 2
7 S transduction ||n. ---->FRAGMENT 3
4 7 for understanding sensory transduction <-----fragment br="" clause="">sens tr U anlamak için-----fragment>
8 S in ||prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
9 S general ||a.
8 9 in general <-----preposition br="" phrase="">genel olarak-----preposition>
10 S because ||+conj. CONJUNCT CLAUSE BECAUSE
çünkü
11 S photoreceptors ||n.||pl. SUBJECT0
11 11 photoreceptors <-----subject br="" noun="" phrase="">photoreceptorlar-----subject>
12 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
13 S the ||+def. art.
14 S retina ||n.
12 14 in the retina <-----preposition br="" phrase="">retinada-----preposition>
15 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
16 SRN perhaps ||adv.
17 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT0
18 S best ||n. OBJECT1
17 18 the best <-----object br="" noun="" phrase="">en iyi-----object>
19 S understood ||+irreg. v. imp.||+irreg. v. participle VERB0
anlaşılmış
20 S of ||+prep.
21 S all ||a.
22 S sensory ||a.
23 S cells ||n.||pl.
20 23 of all sensory cells <-----preposition br="" phrase="">bütün algısal hücrelerin
***************************************************************
First, --- it is useful --- for understanding sensory transduction --- in general
first --- in general --- for understanding sensory transduction --- it --- is useful
ilk önce --- genel olarak --- sens tr'u anlamak için --- o --- kullanışlıdır-----preposition>
because --- photoreceptors --- in the retina --- are --- perhaps --- the best --- understood ---of all sensory cells
because --- photoreceptors --- in the retina --- of all sensory cells --- perhaps --- are --- the best --- understood
çünkü --- retina içindeki --- photorceptorlar --- bütün hücrelerin --- belki de --- en iyi --- anlaşılmışlarıdır.
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17053
0 .S at ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
1 S the ||+def. art.
2 S same ||a.
3 S time ||n.
0 3 at the same time <-----preposition br="" phrase="">aynı zamanda-----preposition>
PUNCTUATION , CLAUSE WITH ARTICLE BEG
4 ,S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
5 S retina ||n. SUBJECT1
4 5 the retina <-----subject br="" noun="" phrase="">retina-----subject>
6 SRN is ||+reg. v.||v. i. VERB0
7 S relatively ||adv.
8 S simple ||a. OBJECT0
8 8 simple <-----object br="" noun="" phrase="">göreli basittir-----object>
9 S compared ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Compared||p. pr. & vb. n. Comparing||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 0
9 9 compared <-----fragment br="" clause="">karşılaştığında
10 S with ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
11 S other ||a.
12 S brain ||n.
13 S regions ||n.||pl.
10 13 with other brain regions <-----preposition br="" phrase="">beynin diğer bölgeleri ile-----preposition>-----fragment>
***************************************************
At the same time, --- the retina --- is --- relatively --- simple --- compared --- with other brain regions
At the same time, --- the retina --- with other brain regions --- compared --- relatively --- simple --- is
Aynı zamanda, --- retina --- beynin diğer bölgeleri ile --- karşılaştığında --- göreli --- basittir.
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17054
0 .S it ||nom. pron. SUBJECT0
1 S contains ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Contained||p. pr. & vb. n. Containing||v. i.||present t. VERB0
2 S only ||adv. manner
3 S five ||a. OBJECT0
4 S major ||a. OBJECT1
5 S classes ||n.||pl. OBJECT2
6 S of ||+prep. OBJECT3
7 S neurons ||n.||pl. OBJECT4
3 7 five major classes of neurons <-----object noun="" p="" phrase=""> FRAGMENT CLAUSE PUNCTUATION opening---> ,
8 ,S linked ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Linked||p. pr. & vb. n. Linking||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 0
8 8 linked <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 9 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
10 S an ||+indef. art.
11 S intricate ||a.
12 S pattern ||n.
13 S of ||+prep.
14 S connections ||n.||pl.
9 14 in an intricate pattern of connections <-----preposition p="" phrase="">15 S but ||conj. CONJUNCT CLAUSE BUT
16 S with ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
17 S an ||+indef. art.
18 S orderly ||adv. manner
16 18 with an orderly <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 19 ,SRN layered ||a. SUBJECT0
20 S anatomical ||a. SUBJECT1
21 S arrangement ||n. SUBJECT2
19 21 layered anatomical arrangement <-----subject br="" noun="" phrase="">***********************************************************
It contains only five major classes of neurons, linked in an intricate pattern of connections but with an orderly, layered anatomical arrangement.-----subject>
It --- contains --- only --- five major classes of neurons, ---
It --- only --- five major classes of neurons, --- contains
O nöronların yalnız 5 ana sınıfını içerir
linked --- in an intricate pattern of connections --- but --- with an orderly, --- layered anatomical arrangement.
in an intricate pattern of connections --- linked --- but --- with an orderly, --- layered anatomical arrangement.
bağlantıların karışık bir deseni içinde --- bağlanmış --- fakat --- düzenli, --- tabakalı bir anatomik aranjman --- ile.
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17059
0 .S in ||prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
1 S the ||+def. art.
2 S second ||n.
0 2 in the second <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 3 S we ||nom. pron. SUBJECT0
4 S consider ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Considered||p. pr. & vb. n. Considering||v. i. VERB0
5 S how ||conj.
6 S these ||a. SUBJECT0
7 S signals ||n.||pl. SUBJECT1
6 7 these signals <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 8 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
9 S shaped ||v. t.||imp.||p. p. Shaped||p. pr. & vb. n. Shaping||v. i. VERB0
10 S by ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
11 S other ||a.
12 S retinal ||a.
13 S neurons ||n.||pl.
10 13 by other retinal neurons <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 14 S before ||+prep. ---->FRAGMENT 0
15 S being ||v. i.||p. pr. & vb. n. Being ---->FRAGMENT 1
16 S sent ||+irreg. v. imp. ---->FRAGMENT 2
14 16 before being sent <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 17 S to ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
18 S the ||+def. art.
19 S brain ||n.
17 19 to the brain <-----preposition p="" phrase="">20 S and ||+conj.
21 RN how ||conj.
22 S synaptic ||a. SUBJECT0
23 S connections ||n.||pl. SUBJECT1
22 23 synaptic connections <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 24 S among ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
25 S the ||+def. art.
26 S retinal ||a.
27 S neurons ||n.||pl.
24 27 among the retinal neurons <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 28 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
29 S organized ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Organized||p. pr. & vb. n. Organizing VERB0
30 S to ||to-inf. INFINITIVE TO
31 S accomplish ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Accomplished||p. pr. & vb. n. Accomplishing||v. INFINITIVE VERB
32 S this ||a. OBJECT0
33 S processing ||n. OBJECT1
32 33 this processing <-----object br="" noun="" phrase="">******************************************************
In the second --- we --- consider --- how --- these signals --- are shaped --- by other retinal neurons --- before being sent --- to the brain ---
and --- how --- synaptic connections --- among the retinal neurons --- are organized --- to accomplish --- this processing-----object>
İkincide --- biz --- beyne --- gönderilmeden önce --- nasıl --- diğer retinal nöronları tarafından --- bu işaretlerin --- şekillendirildiğini --- dikkate alacağız
ve --- nasıl --- bu işleyişi --- başarmak için --- retinal nöronlar arasında --- synaptik bağlantıların --- organize edildiğini.
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17060
0 .S before ||+adv. time ---->FRAGMENT 0
1 S discussing ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Discussed||p. pr. & vb. n. Discussing ---->FRAGMENT 1
2 S phototransduction ||n. ---->FRAGMENT 2
1 2 before discussing phototransduction <-----fragment clause="" p="">3 ,S however ||adv. manner COMMA + ADVERB CLAUSE
4 ,S we ||+nom. pron. SUBJECT0
5 S shall ||mod. present VERB0
6 S review ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Review||p. pr. & vb. n. Reveiwing||v. i. VERB0
7 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT0
8 SRN organization ||n. OBJECT1
9 S of ||prep. OBJECT2
10 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT3
11 S retina ||n. OBJECT4
7 11 the organization of the retina <-----object noun="" p="" phrase="">FIX nPH AND/OR nPH at PARSEEEE
12 S and ||+conj. OBJECT4
13 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT4
14 S basic ||a. OBJECT4
15 S physiological ||a. OBJECT4
16 S properties ||n.||pl. OBJECT4
17 S of ||+prep. OBJECT4
18 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT4
19 S photoreceptor ||n. OBJECT4
20 S cells ||n.||pl. OBJECT4
12 20 and the basic physiological properties of the photoreceptor cells <-----object br="" noun="" phrase="">**************************************************************************
Before discussing phototransduction,
however, we shall review the organization of the retina and the basic physiological properties of the photoreceptor cells
Before discussing phototransduction,---
however --- we --- the organization of the retina --- and --- the basic physiological properties of the photoreceptor cells --- shall review
fototransduksiyonu tartışmadan önce, ---
yine de --- biz --- retinanın organizasyonunu --- ve --- fotoreceptor hücrelerinin temel fizyolojik özelliklerini --- gözden geçirmeliyiz
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17066-----object>
0 .S as ||conj.
1 S a ||+indef. art. SUBJECT0
2 S result ||n. SUBJECT1
1 2 a result <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> PUNCTUATION , CLAUSE WITH ARTICLE BEG
3 ,S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
4 S visual ||a. SUBJECT1
5 S image ||n. SUBJECT2
3 5 the visual image <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 6 S received ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Received||p. pr. & vb. n. Receiving||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 0
6 6 received <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 7 S at ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
8 S the ||+def. art.
9 S foveola ||n.
7 9 at the foveola <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 10 S is ||+reg. v.||v. i. VERB0
11 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT0
12 S least ||adv. manner OBJECT1
11 12 the least <-----object noun="" p="" phrase="">13 S distorted ||a.
*************************************************************************
As a result, --- the visual image --- received --- at the foveola --- is the least distorted.
As a result, --- at the foveola --- received --- the visual image --- is the least distorted.
Bir sonuç olarak, --- foveolada --- alınan --- görsel imaj --- en az bozulmuş olandır.
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17068
0 .S light ||n. SUBJECT0
0 0 light <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 1 S is ||+reg. v.||v. i. VERB0
2 S focused ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Focused||p. pr. & vb. n. Focusing VERB0
3 S by ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
4 S the ||+def. art.
5 S cornea ||n.
3 5 by the cornea <-----preposition p="" phrase="">FIX nPH AND/OR nPH at PARSEEEE
6 S and ||+conj.
7 S the ||+def. art.
8 S lens ||n.
5 8 cornea and the lens <-----preposition p="" phrase="">9 ,S then ||+adv. manner COMMA + ADVERB CLAUSE
10 S traverses ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Traversed||p. pr. & vb. n. Traversing||v. i.||present t. VERB0
11 S the ||+def. art.
12 S vitreous ||a.
13 SRN humor ||n.
10 13 traverses the vitreous humor <-----preposition p="" phrase="">14 S that ||+conj. CONJUNCT CLAUSE THAT
15 S fills ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Filled||p. pr. & vb. n. Filling||v. i.||present t. VERB0
16 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT0
17 S eye ||n. OBJECT1
18 S cavity ||n. OBJECT2
16 18 the eye cavity <-----object noun="" p="" phrase=""> 19 S before ||adv. time ---->FRAGMENT 0
20 S reaching ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Reached||p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching ---->FRAGMENT 1
21 S photoreceptors ||n.||pl. ---->FRAGMENT 2
19 21 before reaching photoreceptors <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 22 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
23 S the ||+def. art.
24 S retina ||n.
22 24 in the retina <-----preposition p="" phrase="">25 S( figure ||n.
26 S 26-1 ||n. SUBJECT0
26 26 26-1 <-----subject br="" noun="" phrase="">************************************************************************
Light --- is focused --- by the cornea and the lens, ---
then --- traverses --- the vitreous humor --- that --- fills --- the eye cavity --- before reaching photoreceptors --- in the retina.
Light --- by the cornea and the lens, --- is focused
then --- in the retina. --- before reaching photoreceptors --- that --- the eye cavity --- fills --- the vitreous humor --- traverses
Işık --- kornea ve mercekte --- odaklanır, ---
daha sonra --- retina içinde --- fotoreseptorlere erişmeden önce --- göz boşluğunu --- dolduran --- vitreous humoru --- aşar.
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17070-----subject>
0 .S cells ||n.||pl. SUBJECT0
0 0 cells <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 1 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
2 S the ||+def. art.
3 S pigment ||n.
4 S epithelium ||n.
1 4 in the pigment epithelium <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 5 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
6 S filled ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Filled||p. pr. & vb. n. Filling||v. i. VERB0
7 S with ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
8 S the ||+def. art.
9 S black ||a.
10 S pigment ||n.
11 S melanin ||n.
7 11 with the black pigment melanin <-----preposition p="" phrase="">12 ,S which ||relative pron. CONJUNCT CLAUSE WHICH
13 S absorbs ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Absorbed||p. pr. & vb. n. Absorbing||present t. VERB0
14 S any ||a. SUBJECT0
15 S light ||n. SUBJECT1
14 15 any light <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 16 S not ||+adv. manner ---->FRAGMENT 0
17 S captured ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Captured||p. pr. & vb. n. Capturing ---->FRAGMENT 1
18 S by ||+prep. ---->FRAGMENT 2
19 S the ||+def. art. ---->FRAGMENT 3
20 S retina ||n. ---->FRAGMENT 4
16 20 not captured by the retina <-----fragment br="" clause="">*************************************************************
Cells --- in the pigment epithelium --- are filled --- with the black pigment melanin,--- which --- absorbs --- any light --- not captured by the retina-----fragment>
Pigment epithelium içinde --- hücreler --- siyah pigment melanin ile --- doldurulur, --- retina tarafından yakalanmamış --- herhangi bir ışığı --- yakalayan.
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17071
0 .S this ||nom. pron. SUBJECT0
1 S prevents ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Prevented||p. pr. & vb. n. Preventing||v. i.||present t. VERB0
2 S light ||n. OBJECT0
2 2 light <-----object noun="" p="" phrase=""> 3 S from ||+prep. ---->FRAGMENT 0
4 S being ||v. i.||p. pr. & vb. n. Being ---->FRAGMENT 1
5 SRN reflected ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Reflected||p. pr. & vb. n. Reflecting||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 2
3 5 from being reflected <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 6 S off ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
7 S the ||+def. art.
8 S back ||n.
9 S of ||prep.
10 S the ||+def. art.
11 S eye ||n.
6 11 off the back of the eye <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 12 S to ||prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
13 S the ||+def. art.
14 S retina ||n.
12 14 to the retina <-----preposition p="" phrase="">15 S again ||adv.
16 S( which ||+nom. pron. SUBJECT0
17 S would ||mod. past VERB0
18 S degrade ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Degraded||p. pr. & vb. n. Degrading||v. i. VERB0
19 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT0
20 S visual ||a. OBJECT1
21 S image ||n. OBJECT2
19 21 the visual image <-----object br="" noun="" phrase="">************************************************************
This --- prevents --- light --- from being reflected --- off the back of the eye --- to the retina --- again ---(which --- would degrade --- the visual image
This --- light --- off the back of the eye --- to the retina --- again --- prevents
Bu --- ışığın --- tekrar --- retinaya --- gözün arkasından --- yansıtılmasını engeller (görsel imajı bozacaktı)
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17073
0 .S therefore ||adv. manner INITIAL ADVERB WITH COMMA
1 ,S light ||n. SUBJECT0
1 1 light <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 2 S must ||mod. present VERB0
3 S travel ||+reg. v.||v. i.||imp. & p. p. Traveled||p. pr. & vb. n. Traveling||v. t. VERB0
4 S through ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
5 S layers ||n.||pl.
6 S of ||+prep.
7 S other ||a.
8 S retinal ||a.
9 S neurons ||n.||pl.
4 9 through layers of other retinal neurons <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 10 S before ||+prep. ---->FRAGMENT 0
11 S striking ||v. t.||imp.||p. p. Struck||p. pr. & vb. n. Striking||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 1
12 S the ||+def. art. ---->FRAGMENT 2
13 S photoreceptors ||n.||pl. ---->FRAGMENT 3
10 13 before striking the photoreceptors <-----fragment br="" clause="">********************************************************************
Therefore, --- light --- must travel --- through layers of other retinal neurons --- before striking the photoreceptors
Therefore, --- light --- --- before striking the photoreceptors --- through layers of other retinal neurons --- must travel
Bundan dolayı, --- ışık --- fotoreseptorlara çarpmadan önce --- diğer retinal nöronların tabakaları içinden --- geçmek zorundadır.
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17074
0 .S to ||to-inf. INFINITIVE TO
1 S allow ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Allowed||p. pr. & vb. n. Allowing||v. i. INFINITIVE VERB-----fragment>
2 S light ||n.
2 2 to allow light <-----infinitive p="" phrase="">3 S to ||to-inf. INFINITIVE TO
4 S reach ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Reached||p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching INFINITIVE VERB
5 S the ||+def. art.
6 S photoreceptors ||n.||pl.
5 6 to reach the photoreceptors <-----infinitive p="" phrase=""> 7 S without ||prep. ---->FRAGMENT 0
8 SRN being ||v. i.||p. pr. & vb. n. Being ---->FRAGMENT 1
9 S absorbed ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Absorbed||p. pr. & vb. n. Absorbing||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 2
10 S or ||+conj. ---->FRAGMENT 3
11 S greatly ||+adv. manner ---->FRAGMENT 4
7 11 without being absorbed or greatly <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 12 S scattered ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Scattered||p. pr. & vb. n. Scattering||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 0
12 12 scattered <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 13 S( which ||+nom. pron. SUBJECT0
14 S would ||mod. past VERB0
15 S distort ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Distorted||p. pr. & vb. n. Distorting VERB0
16 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT0
17 S visual ||a. OBJECT1
18 S image ||n. OBJECT2
16 18 the visual image <-----object noun="" p="" phrase=""> PUNCTUATION , CLAUSE WITH ARTICLE BEG
19 ),S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
20 S axons ||n.||pl. SUBJECT1
21 S of ||prep. SUBJECT2
22 S neurons ||n.||pl. SUBJECT3
19 22 the axons of neurons <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 23 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
24 S the ||+def. art.
25 S proximal ||a.
26 S layers ||n.||pl.
27 S of ||+prep.
28 S the ||+def. art.
29 S retina ||n.
23 29 in the proximal layers of the retina <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 30 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
31 S unmyelinated ||n. OBJECT0
31 31 unmyelinated <-----object noun="" p="" phrase="">32 S so ||+conj.
33 S that ||+conj.
34 S these ||a. SUBJECT0
35 SRN layers ||n.||pl. SUBJECT1
36 S of ||+prep. SUBJECT2
37 S cells ||n.||pl. SUBJECT3
34 37 these layers of cells <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 38 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
39 S relatively ||adv.
40 S transparent ||adv.
***************************************************************
To allow light --- to reach the photoreceptors --- without being absorbed or greatly --- scattered ---
Büyük ölçüde dağılmadan veya emilmeden fotoreseptörlere ulaşması için ışığa izin vermek için
Işığın --- büyük ölçüde dağılmadan veya emilmeden --- fotoreseptörlere ulaşmasına izin vermek için <====================
(which --- would distort --- the visual image),
(görsel imajı --- bozacaktır)
the axons of neurons --- in the proximal layers of the retina --- are unmyelinated ---
nöronların axonları --- retinanın proximal tabakaları içinde --- unmyelinatedtırlar
so that --- these layers of cells --- are --- relatively --- transparent.
böylece --- bu hücre tabakaları --- göreli --- saydam --- olurlar.
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17075
0 .S moreover ||+adv. manner INITIAL ADVERB WITH COMMA
1 ,S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
2 S one ||a.
3 S region ||n.
4 S of ||+prep.
5 S the ||+def. art.
6 S retina ||n.
1 6 in one region of the retina <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> PUNCTUATION , CLAUSE WITH ARTICLE BEG
7 ,S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
8 S fovea ||n. SUBJECT1
7 8 the fovea <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> PUNCTUATION , CLAUSE WITH ARTICLE BEG
9 ,S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
10 S cell ||n. SUBJECT1
11 S bodies ||n.||pl. SUBJECT2
12 S of ||+prep. SUBJECT3
13 S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT4
14 S proximal ||a. SUBJECT5
15 S retinal ||a. SUBJECT6
16 S neurons ||n.||pl. SUBJECT7
9 16 the cell bodies of the proximal retinal neurons <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 17 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
18 S shifted ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Shifted||p. pr. & vb. n. Shifting||v. i. VERB0
19 S to ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
20 S the ||+def. art.
21 S side ||n.
19 21 to the side <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> FRAGMENT CLAUSE PUNCTUATION opening---> ,
22 ,SRN enabling ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Enabled||p. pr. & vb. n. Enabling ---->FRAGMENT 0
23 S the ||+def. art. ---->FRAGMENT 1
24 S photoreceptors ||n.||pl. ---->FRAGMENT 2
22 24 enabling the photoreceptors <-----fragment clause="" p="">25 S there ||+adv. place
26 S to ||to-inf. INFINITIVE TO
27 S receive ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Received||p. pr. & vb. n. Receiving||v. i. INFINITIVE VERB
28 S the ||+def. art.
29 S visual ||a.
30 S image ||n.
28 30 to receive the visual image <-----infinitive p="" phrase=""> 31 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
32 S its ||+poss. det.
33 S least ||adv. manner
34 S distorted ||a.
35 S form ||n.
31 35 in its least distorted form <-----preposition p="" phrase="">36 S( figure ||n.
37 S 26-1 ||n. SUBJECT0
37 37 26-1 <-----subject br="" noun="" phrase="">***********************************************
. Moreover, --- in one region of the retina, --- the fovea, ---
Dahası, --- retinanın bir bölgesinde, --- fovea,-----subject>
the cell bodies of the proximal retinal neurons --- are shifted --- to the side,
proximal retinal nöronların hücre gövdeleri --- kenara --- itilir
enabling the photoreceptors --- there --- to receive the visual image --- in its least distorted form (Figure 26-1
en az bozulmuş şeklinde --- görsel imajı almak için --- fotoreseptorlara izin vererek
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17076
0 ).S this ||a. SUBJECT0
1 S shifting ||n. SUBJECT1
0 1 this shifting <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 2 S is ||+reg. v.||v. i. VERB0
3 S most ||adv. manner
4 S pronounced ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Pronounced||p. pr. & vb. n. Pronounging||v. i. ---->FRAGMENT 0
4 4 pronounced <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 5 S at ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
6 S the ||+def. art.
7 S center ||n.
8 S of ||prep.
9 S the ||+def. art.
10 S fovea ||n.
5 10 at the center of the fovea <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> PUNCTUATION , CLAUSE WITH ARTICLE BEG
11 ,S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
12 SRN foveola ||n. SUBJECT1
11 12 the foveola <-----subject br="" noun="" phrase="">**************************************************
This shifting --- is --- most --- pronounced --- at the center of the fovea,--- the foveola.
Bu kayma --- foveanın merkezinde --- en çok belirginleşir, --- foveola.
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17078
0 .S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
1 S retina ||n. SUBJECT1
0 1 the retina <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase="">2 S also ||adv. manner
3 S contains ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Contained||p. pr. & vb. n. Containing||v. i.||present t. VERB0
4 S a ||+indef. art. OBJECT0
5 S region ||n. OBJECT1
4 5 a region <-----object noun="" p="" phrase=""> 6 S called ||+reg. v.||v. i.||imp. & p. p. Called||vb. n. Calling ---->FRAGMENT 0
7 S the ||+def. art. ---->FRAGMENT 1
8 S optic ||n. ---->FRAGMENT 2
9 S disc ||n. ---->FRAGMENT 3
6 9 called the optic disc <-----fragment clause="" p="">10 ,SRN where ||+conj.
11 S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
12 S optic ||n. SUBJECT1
13 S nerve ||n. SUBJECT2
14 S fibers ||n.||pl. SUBJECT3
11 14 the optic nerve fibers <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 15 S leave ||+irreg. v. neutral||v. i.||imp. & p. p. Leaved||p. pr. & vb. n. Leaving||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Left||p. pr. & vb. n. Leaving VERB0
16 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT0
17 S retina ||n. OBJECT1
16 17 the retina <-----object br="" noun="" phrase="">*********************************************************
The retina --- also --- contains --- a region --- called the optic disc,
Retina --- optik disk denilen --- bir bölgeye --- de --- sahiptir-----object>
--- where --- the optic nerve fibers --- leave --- the retina.
optik sinir liflerinin --- retinayı --- terk ettiği --- yerde ---
Retina optik sinir liflerinin retinayı terk ettiği yerde --- optik disk denilen bir bölgeye de sahiptir.
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17097
0 ).RNRN the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
1 S most ||adv. manner SUBJECT1
2 S important ||a. SUBJECT2
3 S factors ||n.||pl. SUBJECT3
0 3 the most important factors <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase="">4 S that ||+conj. CONJUNCT CLAUSE THAT
5 S contribute ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Contributed||p. pr. & vb. n. Contributing||v. i. VERB0
6 S to ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
7 S these ||a.
8 S differences ||n.||pl.
6 8 to these differences <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 9 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
10 S summarized ||v. t. VERB0
11 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
12 S table ||n.
13 S 26-1 ||n.
11 13 in table 26-1 <-----preposition p="" phrase="">14 S and ||+conj.
15 S discussed ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Discussed||p. pr. & vb. n. Discussing ---->FRAGMENT 0
15 15 discussed <-----fragment clause="" p="">16 S next ||prep.
************************************************************
The most important factors --- that --- contribute --- to these differences --- are summarized --- in Table 26-1 --- and --- discussed --- next
Bu farklılıklara --- katkı yapan --- en önemli unsurlar --- tablo 26-1 içinde --- özetlenmiştir --- ve --- sonra --- tartışılmıştır.
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17098
Rods Detect Dim Light; Rods contain more photosensitive visual pigment than cones, enabling them to capture more light
0 .RNRN rods ||n.||pl. SUBJECT0
0 0 rods <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 1 S detect ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Detected||p. pr. & vb. n. Detecting VERB0
2 S dim ||a. OBJECT0
3 S light ||n. OBJECT1
2 3 dim light <-----object noun="" p="" phrase="">
CONJUNCT PUNCTUATION ---> ;
4 RN; rods ||n.||pl. SUBJECT0
4 4 rods <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 5 S contain ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Contained||p. pr. & vb. n. Containing||v. i. VERB0
6 S more ||adv. manner
7 S photosensitive ||a. OBJECT0
8 S visual ||a. OBJECT1
9 S pigment ||n. OBJECT2
7 9 photosensitive visual pigment <-----object noun="" p="" phrase=""> 10 S than ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
11 S cones ||n.||pl.
10 11 than cones <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> FRAGMENT CLAUSE PUNCTUATION opening---> ,
12 ,S enabling ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Enabled||p. pr. & vb. n. Enabling ---->FRAGMENT 0
13 S them ||+obliq. pron. ---->FRAGMENT 1
12 13 enabling them <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 14 S to ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
15 S capture ||n.
16 S more ||a.
17 S light ||n.
14 17 to capture more light <-----preposition br="" phrase="">*******************************************************************
Rods --- Detect --- Dim Light; --- Rods --- contain --- more --- photosensitive visual pigment --- than cones, --- enabling them --- to capture more light ---
Rods -- hafif ışığı --- algılar; --- Rods --- conelardan --- daha çok --- fotosensitiv görsel pigment --- içerir, onların daha çok ışık almasını sağlayarak.
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17111
0 .S second ||a.||adv. INITIAL ADVERB WITH COMMA
1 ,S cones ||n.||pl. SUBJECT0
1 1 cones <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 2 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
3 S concentrated ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Concentrated||p. pr. & vb. n. Concentrating||v. i. VERB0
4 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
5 S the ||+def. art.
6 S fovea ||n.
4 6 in the fovea <-----preposition p="" phrase="">7 ,S where ||+conj.
8 S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
9 S visual ||a. SUBJECT1
10 SRN image ||n. SUBJECT2
8 10 the visual image <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 11 S is ||+reg. v.||v. i. VERB0
12 S least ||adv. manner
13 S distorted ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Distorted||p. pr. & vb. n. Distorting ---->FRAGMENT 0
13 13 distorted <-----fragment br="" clause="">***********************************************************************
Second, --- cones --- are concentrated --- in the fovea, --- where --- the visual image --- is --- least --- distorted.-----fragment>
İkinci, --- konelar --- görsel imajın --- en az bozulduğu --- yerde, --- foveada --- yoğunlaşırlar.
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17162
0 .RNRN when ||+conj. CONJUNCT CLAUSE WHEN
1 S light ||n. SUBJECT0
1 1 light <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 2 S strikes ||v. t.||imp.||p. p. Struck||p. pr. & vb. n. Striking||v. i.||present t. VERB0
3 S the ||+def. art. OBJECT0
4 S photoreceptor ||n. OBJECT1
3 4 the photoreceptor <-----object noun="" p="" phrase=""> 5 S( illustrated ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Illustrated||p. pr. & vb. n. Illustrating ---->FRAGMENT 0
6 S here ||+adv. place ---->FRAGMENT 1
7 S by ||+prep. ---->FRAGMENT 2
8 S a ||+indef. art. ---->FRAGMENT 3
9 S rod ||n. ---->FRAGMENT 4
10 S cell ||n. ---->FRAGMENT 5
5 10 illustrated here by a rod cell <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 11 )S the ||+def. art.
12 S cgmp-gated ||a.
13 S channels ||n.||pl.
10 13 cell the cgmp-gated channels <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 14 S are ||+reg. v. VERB0
15 S closed ||adv.
16 S by ||adv.
17 S a ||+indef. art.
18 S three-step ||n.
19 S process ||n.
16 19 by a three-step process <-----preposition br="" phrase="">*************************************************************
When --- light --- strikes --- the photoreceptor --- (illustrated here by a rod cell) --- the cGMP-gated channels are closed by a three-step process
Işık --- fotoreseptorlere --- çarptığı --- zaman --- cGMP-kapılı kanallar --- üç adımlı bir süreç tarafından --- kapatılır.
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17423
0 .RNRN the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
1 S pattern ||n. SUBJECT1
2 S of ||prep. SUBJECT2
3 S synaptic ||a. SUBJECT3
4 S connections ||n.||pl. SUBJECT4
0 4 the pattern of synaptic connections <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 5 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
6 S the ||+def. art.
7 S retina ||n.
5 7 in the retina <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 8 S explains ||+reg. v.||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Explained()||p. pr. & vb. n. Explaining||v. i.||present t. VERB0
9 S how ||+conj.
10 S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
11 S various ||a. SUBJECT1
12 S responses ||n.||pl. SUBJECT2
13 S of ||+prep. SUBJECT3
14 S ganglion ||n. SUBJECT4
15 S cells ||n.||pl. SUBJECT5
10 15 the various responses of ganglion cells <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 16 S arise ||+irreg. v. neutral||v. i.||imp.||p. pr. & vb. n. Arising||p. p. Arisen VERB0
**************************************************************************
The pattern of synaptic connections --- in the retina --- explains --- how --- the various responses of ganglion cells --- arise.
REtinada --- Sinaptik bağlantıların desenleri --- nasıl --- ganglion hücrelerinin çeşitli yanıtlarının --- ayağa kalktığını açıklar. <====
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17272
0 .S unlike ||+prep.||a. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
1 S photoreceptors ||n.||pl.
0 1 unlike photoreceptors <-----preposition p="" phrase="">2 ,S which ||relative pron. CONJUNCT CLAUSE WHICH
3 S respond ||v. t.||v. i.||imp. & p. p. Responded||p. pr. & vb. n. Responding VERB0
4 S to ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
5 S light ||n.
4 5 to light <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 6 S with ||+prep. ---->FRAGMENT 0
7 S graded ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Graded||p. pr. & vb. n. Grading ---->FRAGMENT 1
8 S changes ||n.||pl. ---->FRAGMENT 2
6 8 with graded changes <-----fragment clause="" p=""> 9 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
10 S membrane ||n.
11 S potential ||n.
9 11 in membrane potential <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 12 ,SRN ganglion ||n. SUBJECT0
13 S cells ||n.||pl. SUBJECT1
12 13 ganglion cells <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 14 S transmit ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Transmitted||p. pr. & vb. n. Transmitting VERB0
15 S information ||n. OBJECT0
15 15 information <-----object noun="" p="" phrase=""> 16 S as ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
17 S trains ||n.||pl.
18 S of ||+prep.
19 S action ||n.
20 S potentials ||n.||pl.
16 20 as trains of action potentials <-----preposition br="" phrase="">***********************************************************************
Unlike photoreceptors, --- which --- respond --- to light --- with graded changes --- in membrane potential,
zar potansiyelinde --- dereceli değişikliklerle --- Işığa yanıt veren ,--- Fotoresptorların aksine ,---
ganglion cells --- transmit --- information --- as trains of action potentials.
ganglion hücreleri --- aksiyon potansiyellerinin dizileri şeklinde --- bilgi --- iletirler.
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17415
0 .S the ||+def. art. SUBJECT0
1 S activated ||a. SUBJECT1
2 S pigment ||n. SUBJECT2
3 S molecules ||n.||pl. SUBJECT3
0 3 the activated pigment molecules <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 4 S stimulate ||v. t.||imp. & p. p. Stimulated||p. pr. & vb. n. Stimulating VERB0
5 S a ||+indef. art. OBJECT0
6 S g ||pn. OBJECT1
7 S protein ||n. OBJECT2
8 ,S transducin ||n. OBJECT3
5 8 a g protein transducin <-----object noun="" p="" phrase="">9 ,S which ||relative pron. CONJUNCT CLAUSE WHICH
10 S in ||+prep. PREPOSITION PHRASE BEGINNING
11 S turn ||n.
10 11 in turn <-----preposition p="" phrase=""> 12 S activates ||v. t.||present t. VERB0
13 S a ||+indef. art. SUBJECT0
14 S phosphodiesterase ||n. SUBJECT1
13 14 a phosphodiesterase <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase="">15 S that ||+conj.
16 S catalyzes ||n. SUBJECT0
16 16 catalyzes <-----subject noun="" p="" phrase=""> 17 S the ||+def. art.
18 S hydrolysis ||n.
19 S of ||prep.
20 SRN cgmp ||n.
16 20 catalyzes the hydrolysis of cgmp <-----preposition br="" phrase="">**********************************************************************
The activated pigment molecules --- stimulate --- a G protein, transducin, ---
Aktiflenmiş pigment molekülleri --- bir G protein, transducini --- harekete geçirir --------preposition>
which --- in turn --- activates --- a phosphodiesterase --- that --- catalyzes --- the hydrolysis of cGMP.
cGMP'nin hidrolizini --- katalize eden, --- bir phosphodiesterase'ı --- sıra içinde --- harekete geçiren
Aktiflenmiş pigment molekülleri --- cGMP'nin hidrolizini --- katalize eden,
--- bir phosphodiesterase'ı --- sıra içinde --- harekete geçiren --- bir G protein, transducini --- harekete geçirir ---
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